Growing petunias from seed indoors.
Mar 26, 2013 · Petunias (Petunia spp.
Growing petunias from seed indoors.
Apr 2, 2011 · 👉 buy wave petunias here https://amzn.
Growing petunias from seed indoors As the amount of light in the room decreases, the plants will try to take this rest. Once your seedlings have 3 to 4 leaves, you can transplant them outdoors. If you’re growing your Wave® petunias in the ground, you don’t need to water as often. You will need at least six hours of direct sunlight daily to grow Petunias from seed. Why Grow Petunias from Seed? To grow petunias from seed, start by germinating the seeds following the best practices. Best and Worst Companion Plants. Dec 7, 2022 · Petunias aren't exactly easy to grow from seedlings, but it can definitely be done and it usually means that you can cultivate more petunias for cheaper! Start your seedlings 10 to 12 weeks before you plan to plant them (early spring, is recommended, such as March in the northern climates). Explore seed catalogs or visit your local nursery to find the perfect match for your garden theme. While they are available at any garden center, growing petunia flowers from seed provides the opportunity to select from a wide range of unusual and otherwise inaccessible cultivars. If you’re planning to start Wave petunias from seed this year, let us know! Comment below and share your seed-starting stories – successes and frustrations. Observing petunia flower maturity is an essential step in this process. Feb 23, 2024 · Take advantage of the opportunity to grow petunias from seed and enjoy the process of watching them flourish into a lush and vibrant garden. Jun 27, 2024 · Frequently Asked Questions About Growing Petunias Indoors. In this video I will address some of the things I think are most important to growing petunias Aug 1, 2024 · How to Grow Petunias From Seed . Put the peat pots outside while the sun is out when the petunias are about two months old. In this video, I'll show you how I grow petunias from those seeds. It is suggested by the University of Minnesota that planting take place indoors in early spring, enabling a greater variety and quantity of the flowers, and giving the seedlings enough time to grow before transplanting. Keep them away from drafts from air conditioning, heaters, and fireplaces. Petunias are moderately easy to grow from seed, and extremely easy to grow from commercially grown seedlings. Petunia seeds are tiny, but seeds of elite strains are often sold in pelleted form, which makes them easier to handle. Q: How often should I water my petunias? A Benefits of Growing Petunias Indoors. It’s easiest to buy young plants from a nursery that sells petunias in flats. Tags: [petunias, seeds, indoor gardening, growing flowers, gardening tips, flower care, starting seeds, home gardening] Indoor Seed Starting: Many DIY gardeners are starting their seeds indoors to get a head start on the growing season. If you fancy growing your petunias from seed, the following tips should help:- 1) Sow your seeds from February to late April, using a peat-based seed compost which needs to be moist but not wet. Once you decide you want petunias in your garden, you must learn how to care for them. Water containers every day, and during especially hot times of the year, water twice daily. Jun 22, 2021 · All seeds ‘want’ to grow, however every plant requires different conditions for germination to occur – usually temperature and moisture related. Temperature; Soil; Watering; Fertilizer; Diseases and Pests; Best Petunia Seeds; How to Deadhead Petunias. Keep the seeds in a warm, well-lit place, maintaining temperatures of 21°C. Their swaths of pink, lavender, lilac or blue tumble along walkways or over garden walls. Bring them inside during the nights. Easy peasy. Multiflora petunias produce smaller flowers, typically 1. swallowtailgardenseeds. Mature "Laura Bush" petunias need minimal maintenance throughout the growing season. There is more information on my website http://www. Petunias are a popular choice for many gardeners. And this can either through transplants or from seeds directly. However, it is essential to be consistent with your gardening habits when growing Petunias to get accurate results. Grow seed indoors in flats of moist potting soil; start in the bright sunlight or a few inches below fluorescent lights; give 12 hours of light each day to germinate the seed. Step 3: Planting Supertunia Seeds. Jul 2, 2023 · Now that you have selected the right petunia variety and set up the optimal growing conditions, here are some planting and care tips to help you successfully grow petunias indoors: Seeding or Transplanting : You can start petunias from seeds indoors about 10-12 weeks before the last expected frost date in your area. When it comes to growing petunias, there are many important aspects to their care. W Easy to follow step by step guide showing you how to grow beautiful Petunias from Seed. Jan 28, 2021 · Tiny petunia seedlings need ten weeks to grow to transplanting size. But it takes 10 to 12 weeks before petunias are big enough to plant out, so they need to be started early (about March first in northern climates). Prick out and pot on the petunia seedlings. If you have packets of Wave Petunia seed, here is the advice to follow to grow healthy seedlings indoors. Step 1 - Fill a seed starting tray with a sterile seed starting potting mix rehydrated with water and firm it Apr 2, 2011 · 👉 buy wave petunias here https://amzn. Aug 10, 2024 · Start seeds indoors or use winter sown methods outdoors. Petunias do not make the best house plants, but it is possible to keep the plants growing in the winter. Leggy petunias with tons of flowers already won’t settle in as fast. Resist the urge to cover the seeds with soil, petunia seeds need light to germinate. The choice is yours. Fill a modular propagator with your potting mix. Jun 16, 2024 · Growing petunias from seed is easy. Milliflora petunias are miniature plants covered with 1- to 1 1/2-inch flowers. But did you know you can easily grow your own petunias from petunia seeds? It's a rewarding and cost-effective way to get a jumpstart on the sea Mar 4, 2024 · In this guide, we will explore the step-by-step process of growing petunias from seeds. They need light to sprout, so don’t cover them with soil. Mar 15, 2024 · Growing petunias from seed can be a rewarding and enjoyable experience, allowing you to witness the transformation from tiny seeds into vibrant and blooming plants. Jan 17, 2024 · Petunias are tremendous for adding bright colorful borders to lawns and as summer bedding flowers. Here’s how to do it: When to Sow. To propagate from cuttings, take 4- to 6-inch cuttings from healthy stems and remove lower leaves. With vibrant shades, patterns, and a long flowering season, petunias provide fresh flowers for months. There is such a range of varieti Apr 25, 2023 · Starting petunias from seeds is going to be cheaper than buying $3-$6 plants of each to companion plant with 100-some beans. Growing petunias from seed is easiest for gardeners who start the seeds indoors. When to plant petunia: When starting petunias indoors, it’s best to sow the seeds ten to 12 weeks before your last frost date. Petunias, with their vibrant blooms and cascading habit , are a popular choice May 15, 2012 · Of the many petunia varieties, some are more suitable for growing indoors than others. How to Grow. Light is needed to germinate petunias so don’t cover the seed: sow onto the surface of moist compost and cover with polythene or put in a propagator, to ensure the seed doesn’t dry out. Apr 4, 2018 · ★ How to: Grow Petunia from Seed in Containers (A Complete Step by Step Guide)In Today's Project Diary Video I will be showing you how and when to sow and gr Mar 16, 2024 · To grow wave petunias from seed, start them indoors 8-10 weeks before the last frost. Growing Petunias from Seed. to/3bgZNlj🍎🌶 Seed st Apr 5, 2024 · In this video, I am going to show you how to grow petunias in record time!Indoor seed planting is a great way to start plants indoors, and petunias are a gre I grew Petunias from seed for the first time this year. Add 1 cm of water to the base of the tray, and leave for one hour. Petunia seeds need light to germinate, so don’t bury the seeds in the soil. Do this for four or five days. The care that a petunia requires when growing indoors varies according to the season. To grow petunias from seed: Sow your petunia seeds onto the surface of a seed tray in moist, peat-free seed compost. Transplant them outdoors after the last frost for beautiful, cascading blooms. Apr 28, 2020 · How to grow petunia from seeds to the finish Petunias are a popular and versatile flowering plant that can add color and beauty to any garden or outdoor spac Jun 15, 2021 · How to grow petunias. Place the seed tray in a warm location that receives plenty of bright, indirect light. To grow them, pelleted seeds are often available, coated with a material to make them larger and easier to handle. These plants are bushier and more compact, providing a more uniform display of flowers compared to Grandiflora types. You can either buy the seeds from a nursery or harvest them yourself to be able to grow them. This is a good time to prune the plant to make room for new growth. Additionally, petunias are easy to care for, requiring minimal effort and time. Timing is Key: Petunias are warm-season flowers, so starting seeds indoors before the last frost is In this step-by-step guide, we will show you how to grow petunias from seed easily and successfully, this includes Wave Petunias. Nov 14, 2024 · However, it is also possible to grow some petunia varieties from seed. Feb 14, 2022 · So, can you grow petunias indoors? Petunias are annual flowering plants belonging to the nightshade family. Second to interesting colors would be the price. This is because the growth speed depends on how you grow petunias. Seed Starting Indoors Sep 3, 2024 · Remember, following these steps will help you ensure the longevity and viability of your petunia seeds for future plant propagation. com/Since petunias are such a big part of my spring garden, I thought I would try growing mine own from seed! Follow along When to Plant Petunias. If you want to grow petunias from seed, start the seeds indoors 8 to 10 weeks before your last spring frost date. They’re quite related to peppers, potatoes, and tomatoes but these plants can grow beautiful flowers in the spring, which makes them a great addition to your indoor garden. Pelleted or plain, sow petunia seeds by gently pressing them into moist seed-starting mix. Seeds should be spread on the surface of the soil or growing medium and pressed in firmly for good soil contact. Petunia seeds should be started indoors 6-8 weeks before the anticipated outdoor planting date after your last spring frost. Aug 7, 2024 · Petunias are easy-to-grow flowers that can add a pop of color to your patio, porch, or balcony. Petunias are a popular flower to grow from seed because many garden centers only sell a few different kinds of already sprouted plants. Planting and spacing Petunia Nov 9, 2024 · Starting Petunias from Seeds. For one, petunias are known for their vibrant colors, adding a pop of color to any room. Multiflora petunias are compact varieties that bear 1 1/2- to 3-inch flowers. Learn how easy it is to plant watercress seeds in a hydropic system or a simple 2-pot method. This helps the seedlings adjust to outdoor planting. Petunias can be started indoors in late winter or early spring and transplanted outdoors once the weather warms up. Use a well-draining soil mix, keep the soil moist, and provide plenty of light. Growing petunias indoors has many benefits. To plant: Petunia seeds should be started indoors up. They’re from warm regions of South America and they can be cultivated as perennials in USDA Hardiness Zones 9 to 11. Properly propagate the petunias from seeds, ensuring optimal care for the seedlings. I repeat DO NOT COVER YOUR SEEDS WITH SOIL! Mar 13, 2023 · To understand how to propagate plants, it helps to know where petunias grow in the wild. You don’t need any fancy gear or grow lights to get started, and you can even upcycle small containers to put your seeds in. Dec 15, 2022 · Can petunias grow indoors? If you don’t have a backyard or any outdoor space for containers, you can consider growing petunias indoors. A warm and well-lit growing environment, shaded from the sun, with a temperature no lower than 25C, is needed for young people to grow. Identifying The Right Time To Collect Petunia Seeds. Nov 19, 2022 · Whether to grow Petunias in the sun or shade is ultimately up to the gardener. Mar 25, 2024 · To grow jamun from seed, you’ll need to: Harvest the seed from a jamun fruit or purchase some seeds Pick the right container Pick the right soil Plant your jamun seeds Water your jamun seeds and keep them damp Wait for your seedlings to sprout leaves and re-pot Care for your mature plant In this… Mar 19, 2011 · The Beginner’s No-Fail Guide to Starting Seeds Indoors. com Jan 31, 2020 · In this video I share with you how I start Petunia seeds indoors. Sow one petunia seed into each module. Growing your own plants from seed is economical. Start seeds indoors 8-10 weeks before the last Jul 19, 2021 · The seeds of the petunia are extremely tiny, making planting them challenging. The Spruce – Growing Petunias – An article covering the step-by-step process of planting and caring for petunias. Start them indoors about 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in your area. How long do petunias live as houseplants? With proper care, most petunias live 2-3 years indoors. Pinching back flower stems will help create a bushier plant. But, if you have a sunny south-facing window that gets direct sun all day, they can survive as houseplants too. They can be grown in containers, making them the perfect choice for those with limited space. Growth naturally slows in the winter and resumes in spring. To grow petunias from seed, you’ll need a loose, free-draining compost mix (any sandy soil with vermiculite will work well, or sieved compost by itself). When to start petunia seeds indoors. Paige Foley, an expert, will share her insights to help you start successfully. When looking for good companion plants for petunias you should consider other flowers who have similar water and sunlight requirements. Petunias are tender and won’t tolerate any frost at all, so you mustn’t plant them outside until late spring or early summer. Nov 22, 2023 · https://www. The Old Farmer’s Almanac – Petunias – A guide on growing petunias, featuring planting times, care tips, and pest management. Petunia seeds should be started indoors 8-10 weeks before your last frost date. Plant petunias in fall in zones 10 and 11. Deadhead flowers and seed pods whenever possible to encourage a better and longer display of flowers. January is cold but Florida is comparatively warmer than other states. Lastly, have you even checked some of the seed packets for petunias? The one variety I am growing this year comes from Burpee, and it is double-bloom. These plants should be started about 12 weeks before the last frost so you can transplant them at the right time. Jun 28, 2023 · Plants in the garden, especially those growing in fertile, amended soils, will likely not need fertilizing. learnhow2garden. Petunias are no more difficult to grow from seed than any other plant. As most petunias are hybrids, you'll have to purchase seeds from a seed company for those varieties, otherwise, you won't get plants that are true to the parent. Firstly, it provides a wider selection of varieties to choose from, including unique colors and patterns. Why grow petunias from seed? The main reason to start petunias from seed is for the aforementioned variety. You may wish to add vermiculite or sharp sand to improve drainage. How to Plant Petunia Seeds Indoors. It blooms with violet or pink flowers from spring until the first frost. Jan 17, 2023 · Petunias are sun-loving plants that are typically grown outdoors as annual bedding plants, although they will grow as short-lived perennials within USDA plant hardiness zones 10 and 11. Step 1 – Inspect Your Petunia Rows; Step 2 – Start Cutting; Step 3 – Trim the Plant; Where Do Petunias Come From? Petunia Meaning: What Do Petunias Symbolize? Growing Petunias Oct 7, 2023 · Growing petunias from seed, transplants, or cuttings is relatively straightforward. Once transplanted, water 1 inch per week if in the ground and more if in containers. 5 to 2 inches across, but make up for it with sheer quantity. Find out the best timing, containers, media, sowing, germination, and care tips for petunias. Common Name: Petunia Scientific Name: Petunia spp. This guide will review everything you need to know about Petunias are moderately easy to grow from seed, and extremely easy to grow from commercially grown seedlings. After growing petunias from seeds, you may want to collect and save the seeds for future use. Remove the cover at that point and move to a cooler place (60-65 degrees F soil temperature). By starting the plants from seeds indoors, it gives you the advantage of being able to add color instantly as soon as the better weather appears. Jul 5, 2024 · A: Petunias can be planted indoors at any time of year, but the best time is during the spring or fall when temperatures are moderate. Timing: If sowing indoors, sow seeds about 8–10 weeks before the last expected frost 4 days ago · The charts I have created will include what vegetables, flowering plants, herbs, and berries you can plant in January in Florida. You can Oct 2, 2023 · If you choose to grow petunias from seed, you will have to plant ahead. How Quickly Do Petunias Grow? If you’re looking to understand the rate at which petunias grow, you’ll need to assess how you grow them. Jan 19, 2023 · Follow us as we share with you our process of sowing petunia seeds to create beautiful, luscious, over flowing hanging baskets lasting all summer long!PRODUC Mar 27, 2024 · 2. By starting your petunia journey from seeds indoors, you can extend your blooming season and enjoy their beauty sooner. These tips share sowing guidelines, light, heat and temperatures guides, and how to germinate seeds all on your own. Fertilize your Wave® petunias regularly for the best performance. Like the wax begonia, petunias can be tricky to grow from seed. It’s usually best to start petunias indoors before transplanting them to the garden, outdoor container, or hanging basket. Q: Can I grow petunias indoors from seed? A: Yes, you can grow petunias from seed indoors. The advantages of starting petunias indoors are that you have a wider choice of varieties from which to choose, and you can raise large quantities of plants for less money. Oct 31, 2024 · Petunias, with their vibrant blooms and cascading elegance, are a beloved addition to any garden. Learn more in this article. to/2XH5zJh👉 buy polka dot plant here https://amzn. Fill the seed trays or pots with the seed starting mix. I receive many questions about how to grow petunias from seed. to/3amqzI5👉 buy pansies here https://amzn. So there you have it – starting petunias from seed indoors. Sow the seeds on the soil surface and gently press them into the germination medium. Feb 20, 2013 · Finally, after all your hard work of growing small seedlings into young plants, your new Wave petunias can be planted outside or in patio containers once any danger of frost has passed. Set petunias in the garden in spring after all danger of frost has passed. Step 2: Fill Seed Trays/Pots with Seed Starting Mix. In this section, we’ll discuss the three methods of planting petunias in pots: seed starting indoors, transplanting seedlings, and direct potting. To get a head start on your petunias, start the seeds indoors 8 to 10 weeks before the last frost date. From when to start the seeds based on last frost date, sterilizing the seed starting mix, p Jun 3, 2024 · Are you unsure about where to begin this season while trying to raise petunias from seed? These sensitive perennials require little maintenance and grow quickly from seeds that may be grown indoors or placed outside for the winter. If you’re new to seed starting, this foolproof beginner’s guide to starting seeds indoors will take you step by step from seed to harvest, quickly and easily. Learn how to sow petunia seeds indoors in late winter and grow them into reliable summer bloomers. Sep 11, 2023 · Petunias are tropical plants, and they like warmer weather. Moisten the mix slightly before planting the seeds to ensure proper moisture levels. Benefits of Growing Petunias from Seeds. It costs less to grow a flat of petunias than it does to purchase multiple seedlings. Look for plants that are short and compact. Growing Petunias from seed is by far the most economical method of sourcing Petunia plants. They can be grown from seeds or transplanted seedlings. To ensure successful seed collection, it’s crucial to determine the right time for harvesting petunia seeds. Here is a complete step-by-step guide to successfully raise transplants indoors. Since 1995, I’ve used more than a dozen Wave types and Watercress is a natural for growing indoors. Starting Petunia Seeds Indoors. However, it is a more challenging process and requires additional care. If you're growing petunias indoors, you can skip this step. Growing Petunias from seed ensures the gardener can pick from a nearly unlimited variety. Start your seeds indoors 10 to 12 weeks before your zone's projected last frost date. Petunias; Phlox Dec 1, 2024 · It makes ’em grow better, I swear. Feb 1, 2019 · Sprouts will come up in 7-10 days. Mar 17, 2021 · Gently lay 3-5 seeds on the top of the moisten soil {or Jiffy pellets} and lightly press the seeds into the soil. Plant the Supertunia seeds on the surface of the seed starting mix. Nov 8, 2024 · The optimal time to sow petunia seeds indoors is 6-8 weeks before the last frost date in your area. Apr 8, 2021 · So last fall I decided to collect some petunia seeds from the hanging baskets we grew. Proper watering & fertilizing helps them to provide beautiful blooms all season long! Apr 15, 2024 · Petunias are some of the most popular flowering plants, bringing vibrant color to gardens, window boxes, and hanging baskets throughout the growing season. My grandma used to do it, and her petunias were always the best. Some Petunias prefer full sun, while others do well in partial shade. When’s the best time to sow petunia seeds? Apr 15, 2024 · Seed Selection: Petunias come in a dazzling array of colors, from classic pinks and purples to bi-colored wonders and even ruffled varieties. Then, consider starting the seeds indoors for a head start. Aug 1, 2024 · How to start petunias from seed indoors? Petunia seeds are small, with approximately 250, 000 to 300, 000 seeds per ounce. Oct 11, 2012 · Harden off the petunias when you are ready to plant them. In this video you will see how I did this right from starting the seedlings to planting out the plant to grow in America, and the flower has a wide variety of uses. Hardiness Zone: USDA Zones 10 and 11 If you wish to start your petunias from seed indoors, plan to do so at Aug 14, 2023 · Steps To Propagate Petunias. Good companion plants for petunias are: Geraniums; Marigolds; Zinnias; Lavender Feb 28, 2023 · Keep in mind that pelleted seeds don't save as well as bare seeds, so you'll want to plant them all in the first year to get the best germination rate. How hard is it to grow petunias from seed? Growing petunias from seed can be a bit tricky because the seeds are very small. The seeds are tiny and have quite specific propagation Sep 23, 2012 · This versatile annual grows about 24 inches tall and 36 inches wide. If you’re new to raising petunias as houseplants, chances are you have some questions. Petunia seed packets often contain between 1,000 and 1,500 tiny seeds. Feb 14, 2023 · Propagating Petunias from Seeds. Both varieties can perform well indoors, bearing trumpet-shaped flowers in a rainbow of colors. To prevent dislodging the seeds, water by misting. Starting petunias from seed is a cost-effective way to produce a very large number of plants with a single seed packet. This Post includes Seven Easy Steps to Growing Petunias from Seed. Growing petunias from seeds can be a rewarding and cost-effective way to fill your garden with vibrant blooms. Feb 19, 2020 · Wave® is the most popular petunia family, both for nursery plant sales in spring and seed sales from catalogs. The low growing types are ideal for the front of a flower border, in planters near doorways and windows, or in containers in the back of the house. So get ready to plant some seeds and watch them grow! Sow Petunia Seeds; Best Germination Conditions; Petunia Seedling Care; Transplant Petunia Plants; Growing Petunias; When to sow petunias seeds for early bloom; At May 7, 2022 · Petunias are one of the most popular varieties of flowers for flower bed, hanging baskets and pots and its easy to see why. Jan 6, 2024 · Can Petunias Be Propagated From Seeds? If you want to grow a new variety of petunias, you can grow these gorgeous plants from seeds. Mar 29, 2021 · It's simple to buy petunia seedlings to fill a planter, but for mass plantings and garden edging, growing petunias from seed is the way to go. 2. Although petunias are usually grown outdoors in window boxes, they can <a title="Can You Grow Petunias Petunia Seed Germination. You are not at the whim of a garden center buyer. This is why you can plant seeds and plants outdoors in January (especially in South and Central Florida). May 1, 2024 · Petunias are easy to start from seed. Mar 2, 2021 · How to Grow Petunias. This allows the seedlings ample time to establish themselves before Mar 19, 2019 · How I started my petunia seeds using the overseeding method which I also use for herbs, lettuce and other tiny seeds. For the cost of a packet of seeds, you can grow many plants in containers, hanging baskets, or in a garden bed. Petunias can be raised from seed, bought as small plug plants to grow on, or bought as garden-ready plants. Here are answers to some of the most common inquiries about growing petunias indoors. Petunias need to be started indoors 6 to 8 weeks before the last frost. The numerous petunia varieties with vibrant shades and patterns make the options endless. Planting petunia seeds indoors is a convenient and effective way to start your petunias early and ensure a bountiful garden. Some petunias will self-seed year from year in the garden. Their blooms have a long flowering season, allowing you to enjoy the fresh, beautiful flowers for months. Every plant has certain plants they grow better around and other plants they don’t grow well with. Dip the cut-end of the step in rooting hormone, and plant in a moist potting mix. Growing petunias from seeds offers several advantages over purchasing established plants. They don’t make great indoor plants as they need plenty of light to produce flowers. ) are the essence of a summer annual flower, spilling profusely out of the bed or pot. Here are the top ways to propagate petunias: Start Seeds Indoors. Aug 20, 2013 · Petunias prefer a well-drained soil and ideally an acidic one. This guide will help you learn all you need to grow these popular plants. Keep the soil moist but not too wet, and keep the temperature between 75°F and 85°F for the best growth. Oct 23, 2024 · Multiflora Petunias. The low growing types can be found in planters near doorways and pools, in containers in the back of the house, and in the front of a flower border. Generally, there are two ways to grow petunias. Mar 26, 2013 · Petunias (Petunia spp. Start the seeds indoors about 8 to 10 weeks before Mar 26, 2023 · But if you’d like to grow and care for the plants from an earlier stage, that’s also gratifying and can cost less than buying the pre-planted annual baskets. May 29, 2024 · To do so by seed, simply collect seeds from mature plants and plant them indoors 10 to 12 weeks before the last frost. Grow them from seeds started indoors two to two and a half months before setting them outdoors. By following the step-by-step guide outlined in this article, you can successfully start petunias from seed and create a stunning display of color in your garden. When the Aug 12, 2022 · Growing Petunias at a Glance. Sep 25, 2012 · Reaching a mature 4- to 6-inch height, trailing Wave petunias spread from 2 to 4 feet. How Do I Care for My Petunias? Regardless of where you have planted your petunias, water them regularly and feed (fertilize) them every few weeks. Buy Gapey's Grub Merch: https://teesprin Oct 9, 2024 · The petunias may grow indoors successfully with several hours of direct sunlight or under a grow light. qpijugolgdgsupvnctbaxultgyhexvazrjtqqllafbbbcbysvl