Methods of departmental accounting notes achieved on the basis of departmental accounting information. Elimination of unrealised profit through. 8. Departmental Accounting WordPress com Accounts payable Jul 28, 2020 · 4. This system allows businesses to evaluate the performance of individual departments by monitoring their income, expenses, and profitability. Singular method (Separate set of books are kept for each department) 2. There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts: DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS 12. Importance of Store-Keeping: The cost of materials is one of the largest elements of cost The following points highlight the four main types of accounting of labour cost. But it is Jan 24, 2023 · By garikaib | 2022-09-15T12:32:54+02:00 January 24th, 2023 | Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes | Comments Off on Principles of Accounting: Example to Departmental Accounting Solution- Updated 2024 Nov 7, 2024 · Overhead Absorption Rates Accounting. Meaning of Departmental Accounts 2. 5. Bases of Absorption 3. In this article we will discuss about the single and departmental overhead absorption rates. e. Throughput accounting helps in prioritizing production activities that maximize throughput and overall profitability. P of individual department can be determined accurately. Finally, the profit or loss of each department is transferred to the (General) Profit and Loss Account for all the Apr 26, 2020 · Back to: FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SS2 . Com 1st Sem to 6th Sem Students. Sep 29, 2019 · Thus, a departmental accounting system is an accounting information system that records the activities and financial information about the department. 0 Conclusion 5. MEANING OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTS. Departmental accounting can be done by two methods, which are explained as follows: Separate books for each department; Accounts of all departments kept in one common book Jul 24, 2019 · Departmental accounting allows the business to prepare departmental trading and profit and loss accounts in order that it can assess the profitability of each of these departments. First stage overhead costs are determined separately for each production department. The result of the various departments is finally combined together in one general P & L accounts. Cost Accounting: Cost accounting is the branch of accounting which gives detailed cost information to management for various purposes. Store Layout 5. ADVANTAGES OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING Calculation of profit: Gross profit and net profit can be ascertained for each department on a reliable basis by preparing the final accounts in columnar form Comparison: The results of different departments can be compared in terms of Profit, expenses, and return on investment etc. ALLOCATION OF EXPENSES IN DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING. Augustine Donkor, University of Ghana Business School. UGBS 205 FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING METHODS STUDY GUIDE For Undergraduates Level 200. 12. Cost plus agreed percentage of profit. Nov 17, 2024 · Allocated Expense for Department = (Number of Employees in Department / Total Number of Employees) × Total Common Expense. What is Departmental Accounting? Explain in detail its advantages. Methods and Techniques. Departmental accounts are prepared separately for each department and trial balance will also be prepared. Meaning of Departmental Accounts: Where a big business with diverse trading activities is conducted under the same roof the same is usually divided into several departments […] Apportionment of Overhead: Method # 2. It simplifies the preparation of the final accounts while showing the performance of each department Jul 13, 2023 · Various methods of departmental Accounting:-A departmental organisation can record its transaction in two ways: a) Unitary Method:-Under this method, the accounts of each department are kept separately. Rate per Unit of Production Method 7. Functional Basis: The most commonly followed basis of depart- mentation is by functions. Independent Basis: In this method, accounts of each department are maintained separately. 1 Meaning of Departmental Accounting and Type of Departmental Account 3. Working Notes: (1) Profit Margin Ratio. Each department’s accounts are kept separate from others, and financial statements are prepared individually for each department. The allocation of expenses in departmental accounting is very important issue to arrive at the correct profit and loss account of each department. The steps are: 1. Branch accounting is a common practice for businesses that operate in different geographic locations. Classifications of Overheads Costs 2. 7. Compare the performance of different departments including each department’s past performance; Make decisions such as close unprofitable departments; Reward departmental managers and staff according to each’s There can be several methods of performing an operation; but the determination of the best way of performing an operation is made possible by motion study. ICAI ICMAI ICSI Departmental Accounting. 7. Methods of Departmental accounting. Departmental accounts refer to maintaining books of accounts to ascertain the efficiency of every departmental activity that is undertaken in an organization. 10 Answers to Check Your Progress 1. In this article we will discuss about the Absorption of Overhead:- 1. Individual responsibility Nov 26, 2024 · Departmental undertaking refers to a business unit or division within a government or public sector organization that operates like an independent entity but is part of the larger governmental framework. No. Final Accounts Financial Accounting Study Notes. 1. To identify the profitability of each department Jul 13, 2023 · 04 Departmental Accounting. These notes are useful for B. Uniform Costing: 4. There are two methods of keeping Departmental Accounts −. It is a study of the movements of a worker or a machine in performing an operation for the purpose of eliminating useless, ill directed and inefficient motions in order to improve productivity. METHODS OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING, There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts:, , 3. 4 Accounting for Dependent Branches 1. All accounts of all the departments are maintained together, but in a columnar or tabular form. Usually, in a large organization, the operation is divided into separate departments. (i) Synthetic Method, (ii) Analytical Method or Stock and Debtors Method, (iii) Final Account Method or Trading and Profit or Loss Account Method. VIEW: Types of departments & Inter-department transfers at cost price and invoice price (Theory and proforma journal entries) VIEW Inter-department transfers (forming part of closing inventory) Cost. Its calculations involve two stages: 1. Straight Line Method (SLM) / Fixed Installment Method Departmental Accounting Definition. Contents: Importance of Store-Keeping Functions of a Store-keeper Organisation of Stores Store Layout Centralised Stores 1. 11 Terminal Questions/Exercises 1. Dec 9, 2021 · The document outlines two methods for departmental accounting - maintaining completely separate books for each department or keeping departmental accounts in columnar form within collective books. Departmental Accounting is a method of accounting used to segregate the expenses and revenues of a company into various departments or units based on their functional areas. Time Keeping 4. A separate column is allocated for each department under income, expenses, and assets/liabilities. In this article we will discuss about the re-apportionment of service centre costs. The departmental manager is responsible for the success or failure of his product department. Profitability Analysis: To ascertain the profitability of Oct 8, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The direct method of departmental cost allocation is the simplest of the three methods because it only considers the reciprocal flows partially. Columnar method (Accounts of all departments are kept in one book only) Singular Method: When separate books of accounts are maintained for each department, the Jun 25, 2024 · There are several different methods that organizations can use to allocate expenses by department. Basis of apportioning expenses 3. S. Also learn about the methods generally used in allocation of service department costs. To help the proprietor in formulating policy to expand the business on proper lines so as to optimize the profits of concern. What is Independent method / Singular method / Unitary method of departmental accounts? Under this method of accounting treatment, each department is treated like a separate establishments and a separate set of accounts are maintained to each department to find out trade efficiency. Importance of Store-Keeping 2. Departmental accounting information also provides a basis for intelligent planning and control. Direct Labour Cost (or Direct Wages) Method 3. 0 OBJECTIVES Jun 19, 2022 · Unit 2 Departmental Accounts : Departmental Accounts Meaning, Advantages, Disadvantages: VIEW: Method of Departmental accounting: VIEW: Basis of allocation of common expenditure among various departments. This approach allows companies to allocate revenues and expenses specifically to each department, providing insights into their profitability and operational efficiency. Each department is independent and responsible for its performance. As per this method, each department is May 26, 2023 · METHODS OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING. com 2 days ago · Methods and Types of Departmental Accounting. Departments may have their own accounts, but they usually operate from the same physical location. Read less When costs are ascertained department by department, such a method is called ‘departmental costing’. Departmental Accounting: Department accounting or departmental accounting is a system of financial accounting which is used in the organizations whose all works are done through their different departments or departmental stores. UGBS 205 FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING METHODS UGBS 205 FUNDAMENTALS OF Then the firms formulate the policies for each categorized department, according to their needs. It is, therefore, logical that the product cost should bear the equitable share of cost of service department. See full list on freshbooks. The departments are then consolidated into the accounts of the head office to prepare the financial statements of the company. There are two methods for departmental Accounting: METHOD 1: WHEN SEPARATE SET OF BOOKS ARE KEPT FOR EACH DEPARTMENT. 'O'_Level__Accounting_Departmental_Accounts_notes - Free download as PDF File (. The allocation of expenses in departmental accounting is very important issue to arrive at the correct profit and loss account of each The output of a single department becomes the input for another department. In order to enable the preparation of departmental trading and profit and loss accounts, various subsidiary books, such as purchases, sales, returns books, are prepared in a columnar form and this shows the record, in detail, for Course Title Research Methods in Accounting & Finance Degree Program BA Degree in Accounting and Finance Module Research in Accounting and Finance ETCTS Credits 5 Contact Hours (per week) 3 Course Objectives & Competences to be Acquired After successfully completing this course, the students should be able to: Apr 9, 2021 · Download Fundamentals of Management Accounting Notes. METHODS OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING. , Joint products are usually made from the same raw materials, Cost allocation can provide an incentive for managers to make a decision consistent with the goal of top management and more. Definition: Departmental accounting is an accounting system used by organizations to manage the accounts of their various departments in separate books, i. [b] Separate Income & Expenses in separate transfer. Thanks for Viewing our website regulrly. Departmental accounting provides a more detailed view of an organization’s financial performance, allowing managers to There are basically two methods of keeping departmental accounts. There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts: Notes and best thing about it is question bank. There are two methods of Nov 25, 2013 · Q. and the deduction to Jun 5, 2024 · A method of accounting , which is designed to ascertain the trading and operational results of each department of a departmental business organization. The expenses are allocated in the following ways: Apr 27, 2016 · 3. Bistrol Company uses the direct method in distributing service department costs to producing departments. Sep 25, 2024 · Departmental Accounting- Departmental accounting is a method used by businesses to track financial performance across different departments or segments within the organization. Methods of Departmental Accounts In order to ascertain the departmental profit accurately, it is necessary to identify the different expenses revenues of each department. The process of providing accounting information analysed by departments, so that each department of an organization can be treated as a separate unit . Direct Material Cost Method 2. Oct 16, 2022 · (i) Direct Re-Distribution Method: Under this method, the costs of service departments are directly apportioned to production departments without taking into consideration any service from one service department to another service department. Absorption of Overheads. 2. Each department prepares Trading and Profit and Loss Account. Where the factory is divided into a number of departments, this method is followed. 7 Stock and Debtors System 1. No unrealised Profit exists. Objectives. Departmentalisation of Overheads 5. Jul 13, 2023 · Apportionment of costs is the process of sharing a group’s expenditure among the individual funding streams/programmes being implemented. 3 Types of Branches 1. Each department or Sep 30, 2019 · Departmental Accounting: Accounting vs accountancy: Revenue receipt: Balance Sheet: Methods of departmental accounting: Basis of Accounting: Difference between capital and revenue receipt: Profit and loss Account: Allocation of expenses in departmental accounting: Branches of accounting: Difference between accounting concepts and conventions Nov 15, 2021 · 5. 2 Methods of Departmental Accounting 3. METHODS. 1 Accounts of all departments are kept in one book only, To prepare such accounts, it will be necessary first, for the income and expenditure of, department to be separately recorded in subsidiary books and then for them to be, accumulated under separate heads in a 10. The types are: 1. 1 Accounts of all departments are kept in one book only To prepare such accounts, it will be necessary first, for the income and expenditure of department to be separately recorded in subsidiary books and then for them to be r, describe the nature and purpose of accounting for departmental transactions, e outline the importance and advantages of deparhnental accounts, r, explain the process of recording departmental transactions and prepare departmental trading and profit & loss account, B. Definition Absorption of Overhead 2. Sep 8, 2019 · Methods of Departmental Account. It also discusses the principles, advantages and objectives of departmental accounting. Departmental accounting is a system of accounting that provides financial information and analysis at the departmental level. 5 Debtors System 1. Objectives of Departmental Accounting: To have a comparison of the results of a particular department with previous year and also with the other department of the same concern. I, etc. It is a common absorption rate used throughout a factory and for all jobs and units of output irrespective of the departments in which they were produced or processed. Revenues and expenses of the department are recorded and reported separately. EXAMPLE: A firm can choose any one of the several methods of depreciation, i. The advantages of departmental accounting are that the business is able to identify the financial performance of each of its departments. Methods of Maintaining Departmental Accounts: 1. Common Expenses apportioned on the basis. Apr 12, 2019 · Departmental Accounting: Accounting vs accountancy: Revenue receipt: Balance Sheet: Methods of departmental accounting: Basis of Accounting: Difference between capital and revenue receipt: Profit and loss Account: Allocation of expenses in departmental accounting: Branches of accounting: Difference between accounting concepts and conventions The following are the various methods and techniques of absorbing manufacturing overhead: 1. What is columnar method of departmental accounts? It is 12. Classifications of Overheads Costs: Overheads can be classified on the basis of number of characteristics. This must be valued at a transfer price, which implies there’s no profit component. Definition Absorption of Overhead: Overhead absorption is a process by which overheads are included in the total cost of a product. A huge amount of capital is required for investment in plant and equipment like automobile and electronic industries. Organisation of Stores 4. Financial accounting theory 100% (13) 3. a) Unitary method: Under this method, the accounts of each department are kept separately. Here are some key aspects of departmental 1 Accounting standards issued by ICAI and Inventory valuation 2 Final Accounts 3 Departmental Accounts 4 Accounting for Hire Purchase Sr. Welcome to class! In today’s class, we will be talking about departmental accounts. Single Overhead Absorption Rate: It is also called as 'blanket overhead absorption rate'. Jul 17, 2022 · The financial statements prepared for an accounting year is consistent to the financial statements prepared in the past. FATORY OVERHEAD: DEPARTMENTALIZATION EXERCISES E13-3. This paper is intended to equip the candidate with knowledge, skills and attitudes that will enable him/her to apply management accounting principles and concepts in business. Rate Calculation - Plantwide versus Departmental Direct Method. This method is featured as: Separate books from other departments are maintained. Ideal for students and educators in Accounting and Finance The following data were taken from the records of Asinas Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2004: Sales on account 50,000, Notes received to settle accounts 5,000, Provision for doubtful accounts expense 1,500, Accounts receivable determined to be worthless 500, Purchases on account 40,000, Payments to creditors 25,000, Discounts Accounting Procedure: There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts: 1. According to this method, written down value of the asset is reduced to nil or to its residual value. 2014/15 – 2016/17 Academic Year. The following points highlight the five main steps in overhead accounting. Cost Control: To identify and control the costs incurred by each department, helping to pinpoint areas for cost reduction. Departmental accounting provides different methods for deriving the profit and loss of each department. o Synthetic Method: When goods sent at cost price or invoice price (Common adjustments): Departmental Overhead Rate Method The departmental overhead rate method results in a better allocation of factory overhead costs to departments when overhead resources are consumed in substantially different ways. Secondary Distribution: In a factory a product does not pass through Service department (S), but service department renders service to production departments for carrying on production function. Feb 21, 2023 · Methods of estimating cost; non-mathematical methods like engineering method, accounts analysis method and high-low method; mathematical methods like scatter graph method, OLS regression method (simple linear regression only) Accounting, for material, labour and overheads Oct 12, 2019 · Throughput Accounting: Throughput accounting focuses on maximizing throughput contribution to profitability. The whole process is done in an organized way with the help of departmental accounting. If Cost < Market price. pdf), Text File (. Direct Labour Hour Method 5. Direct Departmental Accounting Definition. COURSE OUTLINE. 1 Straight Line Method (SLM) / Fixed Installment Method: Under this method an equal amount of depreciation is written off in every accounting year over the useful life of the asset. Labour Cost Accounting 3. Methods of Departmental Accounting. Accounting Procedure: There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts: 1. Get essential insights and detailed explanations, key concepts, and practice exercises to strengthen your grasp on this crucial topic. Departmental accounting aims at recording all the expenses and revenues of each department in a separate book of accounts. Collection of Overheads 4. Each department prepares Trading and Profit and Loss Account. Payroll Accounting: It is concerned with the maintenance of records for the amounts due to the employees like salaries, wages, allowances, contributions to provident fund and E. 6 Final Accounts System 1. 6 Disclosure in the Statement of Financial Position 4. 1 Accounts of all departments are kept in one book only To prepare such accounts, it will be necessary first, for the income and expenditure of department to be separately recorded in subsidiary books and then for them to be Jan 24, 2023 · Preparation of departmental accounts involve allocating expenses among the various departments; Uses of Departmental Accounts. To identify the profitability of each department; To allocate resources effectively; To measure departmental performance Oct 16, 2024 · Departmental accounting is a method of accounting that involves breaking down an organization’s financial information into smaller, more manageable units. Departmental Accounting refers to maintaining accounts for one or more departments of the company. Columnar Method; In this method, the accounts of all departments are maintained in a single set of books. It is one in which accounts are generated and kept individually for various sections of an organisation to evaluate their results fairly. As per this method, each department is taken as an independent unit and it makes its own books of the accounts. Modules / Units 1 Accounting standards issued by ICAI and Inventory valuation Accounting standards: Concepts, benefits, procedures for issue of accounting standards Various AS : B. CHAPTER 1 NOTES PAGES 12 16 Departmental Accounting System. . 1. METHODS OF BRANCH ACCOUNTING For accounting of branch three methods or system are followed. Payroll Accounting 2. Key Features: Segregation of Accounts: Each Sep 30, 2019 · DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING. The results of the various departments are finally combined together in one general P & L Aug 10, 2023 · Methods of Departmental Accounting. 6. 9 Key Words 1. A branch, by its nature, is a geographically separate entity. Jun 28, 2022 · Methods of Departmental Accounting. 2 Need for Branch Accounting 1. department including stock account, internal [b] G. B. Method # 2. 8 Let Us Sum Up 1. Centralised Stores. 4 ACCOUNTING 3. A department is Jul 21, 2022 · Departmental Accounting is generally adopted by the multi national corporations. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method will depend on the specific needs and goals of the organization. The accounting system must be designed in such a Methods of Departmental Account. Sep 25, 2024 · Objectives of Departmental Accounting- The objectives of Departmental Accounting are: Performance Evaluation: To evaluate the performance of each department separately, by tracking revenues, expenses, and profits. 3 Types of Department 3. 4, , ACCOUNTING, , 3. These multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are designed to enhance your knowledge and understanding in the following areas: Bachelor of Commerce (B Com) . The following are the important basis ACCOUNTING. which will be useful to improve further. It involves assigning costs, revenues, and profits to individual departments or segments within an organization. CA IPCC CHAPTERWISE ACCOUNTS NOTES Nov 17 Exams. txt) or read online for free. Combination of Methods ADVERTISEMENTS: Let us learn about Departmental Accounts. , straight line method, written down method or any other method. It is a one single overhead absorption rate Sep 25, 2024 · Meaning and Definition of Departmental Accounting- Departmental Accounting refers to an accounting system where the financial activities of each department within a larger organization are tracked separately. After reading this article you will learn about: 1. To allow departmental managers commission on the basis of the profits of their departments In this article we will discuss about Store Keeping:- 1. Aug 6, 2024 · Accounting document from Manipal University, 9 pages, CHAPTER 13. It enables in measuring the profitability of every branch and detect if any department is underperforming than their capability. However, branch accounting is not the same as departmental accounting. Market Price. ACCOUNTING 3. It contains PYP, RTP Explore comprehensive notes on BRANCH & DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING For UPSC EPFO Exam Preparation. There are two methods of keeping Departmental Accounts: Separate Set of Books for each department; Accounting in Columnar Books form; Separate Set of Books for each Department. This process is generally used to cover central cost items such as salaries, general overhead, and ongoing running costs. Prime Cost Percentage Method 4. To calculate departmental overhead rates, businesses must identify specific costs for each department, such as utilities, supervisory salaries, and equipment depreciation. Overhead Absorption: Rate, Examples, Formula and Methods Method # 1. 2 Invoice Price Method 1. 0 Summary 6. Separate Set of Books for each department; Accounting in Columnar Books form; Separate Set of Books for each Department. GENERAL OBJECTIVE. Dependent Independent Inter department transfer No Sep 18, 2024 · Methods of Departmental Accounts: Separate Departmental Accounts: In this method, each department maintains its own set of financial records, including income, expenses, and other financial transactions. The advantages of product wise departmentation are as follows: 1. 4 Basis of Inter-Departmental Transfers 3. Sale Price Method. Under this method of accounting, each department is treated as a separate unit and separate set of books are maintained for each unit. Financial Accounting: Financial accounting is a systematic way of recording the financial transactions of business. There are 2 methods of departmental accounting used by businesses around the world. And you calculate the value added by the department based on cost. Cost of Department Oct 8, 2024 · This knowledge refines product costing methods and optimizes efficiency. Codification of Overheads 3. Master the concepts of Unit 3with detailed notes and resources available at Goseeko. Calculating Departmental Overhead Rates. 1 Cost Price Method 1. Territorial Basis: ADVANCED FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING Unit 1 : Branch Accounting – Debtor’s system -Invoice Price Method (excluding stock and Debtor’s system) – Departmental accounts -Department trading, profit and loss accounts – Departmental transfers. Machine Hour Rate Method 6. Its purpose is the preparation of Profit & Loss a/c and Balance sheet. 457638014 Accounting 0452 Revision notes for the y pdf. Departmental Accounts Apportionment Expense Scribd. Jul 21, 2022 · METHODS OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING. Advantages of Departmental Accounts 3. The total cost of each department is ascertained and divided by the total units produced in that department in order to obtain the cost per unit. These units are typically departments or business units that operate independently within the larger organization. 0 Tutor Marked Assignment Apr 8, 2021 · Conclusion: After Going through this comprehensive article on Branch Accounting and Departmental Accounting, i hope you will be familiar with the Branch Accounting and Departmental Accounting Procedure. Aug 14, 2023 · This article explores the concept of departmental accounting, its advantages, objectives, and methods, highlighting the importance of this system in facilitating informed decision-making and maximising profitability. Unit 2 : Partnership – Past adjustment and guarantee – admission of a partner – Revaluation 12. Functions of a Store-keeper 3. Service departments may exist to provide services of various kinds to other departments. Departmental accounting is a method of accounting that involves tracking and reporting financial performance at the departmental level within an organization. So the structure may build up by setting up departments by functions, such as sales, accounting, production, personnel, purchasing, etc. The following of this concept makes the final accounts comparable. A departmental organization can record its transactions in two ways: a) Unitary Method b) Tabular or Columnar Method. It considers throughput (sales less direct materials cost) as the primary measure of performance. Jan 23, 2022 · Page 4 : 12. Method of Absorption of Overheads—Choice of Method. Type # 1. Enjoy the class! Departmental Accounts. Columnar Basis: In this method, there is a single set of books. METHODS OF DEPARTMENTAL ACCOUNTING There are two methods of keeping departmental accounts: 3. Example: If Department G has 10 employees and the total number of employees across all departments is 100, it will be allocated 10% of the total employee-related expenses. If Cost > Market price. In this section, we will explore three common methods of allocating expenses by department. An introduction to departmental accounting; Allocation and apportionment of expenses; Advantages of allocation; Draw-backs of allocation; Basis of allocation; Practical problems Save Chapter: Branch Account Solved MCQs in Advance Accounting. , for every department separate trial balance and profit and loss account is prepared, and at the end of the year balances of each department gets transferred to general profit and loss account, prepared to find out the profitability of a each department [a] Income & Expenses separately recorded in subsidiary books. Time Booking. ATD LEVEL III. There are two methods for keeping departmental accounts - maintaining all departments in one ledger with columnar books, allowing accurate gross profit Mar 23, 2024 · Meaning of Departmental Accounting Departmental accounting is an accounting system that keeps a distinct book of accounts for each department or division of a corporation. Inventory P & L A/c. 3. Kwadjo Appiagyei, University of Ghana Business School. For example, personnel, maintenance, boiler house, pump house, power generation departments are service departments which provide Departmental accounting provides businesses with multiple independent activities or departments information about the working results and profitability of each to assess their relative efficiencies and control the business more intelligently. According to Terminology of Cost Accountancy overhead absorption is defined as This step will further boost the profit-making department. We will confine our discussion to the 4 basic methods prevalent in industry: Method # 1. tzvk xdwots jtanj ugbel nhus xpl wzxqq fiqucc vgcvs iqee